Ethanol Extract of Sphenostylis stenocarpa Mitigates Potassium Bromate–Induced Hepatorenal and Hematological Toxicity in Wistar Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64048/hir.v2n1.003الكلمات المفتاحية:
Hepatorenal toxicity، Hematological toxicity، Potassium bromate، Sphenostylis stenocarpa، Oxidative stress، Hepatoprotective effect، Nephroprotective effectالملخص
Introduction Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a commonly used dough improver associated with oxidative stress–mediated liver and kidney toxicity. This study evaluated the protective effects of the ethanol extract of Sphenostylis stenocarpa against KBrO₃-induced hepatorenal toxicity in adult male Wistar rats.
Methods Twenty-five male Wistar rats (100–160 g) were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 5). Group A received 25 mg/kg KBrO₃ only. Groups B–D received KBrO₃ plus 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, for 28 days. Group E served as the control. Hepatic enzymes, serum urea, and creatinine were assessed spectrophotometrically. Phytochemical screening of the extract was also performed.
Results Potassium bromate induced significant hepatorenal and hematological toxicity, evidenced by marked elevations in liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST: ~160%, 123%, and 253%) and renal markers (urea ~768%, creatinine ~133%), alongside reduced RBC (~28%), Hb (~21%), HCT (~15%), and elevated WBC (~125%) and platelets (~12%). Treatment with Sphenostylis stenocarpa ethanol extract produced dose-dependent amelioration of these alterations, reducing liver enzymes (up to ~57%), urea (~85%), creatinine (~50%), and WBC (~30%), while improving RBC (~21%) and Hb (~23%), indicating significant hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and hematoprotective effects, with optimal efficacy at 100–200 mg/kg.
Conclusion The protective effects of Sphenostylis stenocarpa ethanol extract are likely mediated through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, which reduce oxidative stress, stabilize cellular membranes, and prevent lipid peroxidation. This mechanism helps preserve liver and kidney function and protects hematopoietic cells, thereby restoring biochemical and hematological homeostasis.
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All relevant data supporting the findings of this study are included in the article, and additional raw data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2026 Ndubuisi Nonso Richards, Nwobi Princess Somtochukwu, Nyejirime, Uzoefuna C. Casmir, Joseph I. Agbor, Nwatu C. Francisca, Akhigbe Omoighele Faith, Patrick C. Alor (Author)
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